The Book of Sale defines sale, its formulas, conditions, and options. It also encompasses various financial transactions such as loans, pledges, leasing, agency, and partnerships, along with rulings on gifts, endowments, wills, inheritance, usurpation, found items, deposits, and confessions.
مدخل hal. 290-305 This introduction defines sale, its offer and acceptance, and validity conditions (purity, visibility, deliverability, ownership). It also explains Salam sale, types and conditions of Riba (usury), prohibited sales (hoarding, najsh, selling items for sin, separating mother and child), and the options of session and defect.
فصل في خياري المجلس والشرط وخيار العيب hal. 306 The chapter explains the rulings on the options of session, condition, and defect in sales. It details how the session option lapses by customary physical separation and transfers to the heir, and specifies that the condition option is valid for up to three days but prohibited in salam and riba transactions.
فصل في حكم المبيع قبل القبض hal. 307-308 This chapter discusses the rulings of the sold item before taking possession, where it remains under the seller's guarantee and the sale is dissolved if it perishes. It also explains how possession is taken for movable and immovable property, and the rules for substituting the price or debt.
فصل في بيع الاصول والثمار hal. 309-310 The chapter covers the rules of selling roots and fruits, what is included in the sale of land (like buildings and trees) and houses (like fixed doors), the sale of wet trees without land, the distribution of appeared and unappeared fruits between seller and buyer, and the sale of an animal with its offspring.
فصل في أختلاف المتعاقدين hal. 311-313 This chapter covers the rulings on disagreements between contracting parties regarding contract attributes, such as the amount or type of consideration, and the resulting oaths or rescission. It also addresses disputes over the contract type like sale or mortgage, claims of contract validity versus invalidity, and various cases involving defective items and creditor-debtor disputes.
فصل في القرض والرهن hal. 314-326 This chapter discusses the rulings on loans (Qard) and pledges (Rahn). It explains the rules of lending, the obligation to repay, and the prohibition of benefiting the lender. It also details the rules of pledges, the rights of the pledger and pledgee, and concludes with the rulings on bankruptcy and creditors' rights.
فصل في بيان حجر المجنون والصبي والسفية hal. 327-330 This chapter discusses the interdiction of the insane, the minor, and the prodigal, detailing the signs of puberty and prudence. It also explains the rules of guardianship over the ward's wealth, the guardian's duties in preserving and investing it, and the permissibility of the guardian taking from or using the ward's wealth.
فصل في الحوالة hal. 331-335 This chapter covers the rulings of debt transfer (Hawalah) and the transferor's discharge, followed by the rulings of guarantee (Daman) and surety (Kafalah), including the guarantor's right of recourse. It also discusses settlement (Sulh) on acknowledgment and denial, and the prohibition of planting in public roads due to shared rights.
باب في الوكالة والقراض hal. 336-350 This chapter covers the rules of agency (Wakalah), its validity conditions, restrictions, and the agent's termination. It also discusses commenda (Qirad/Mudaraba), its conditions, profit and loss distribution, and concludes with the rules of partnership (Shirkah) and preemption (Shuf'ah).
باب في الإجارة hal. 351-361 This chapter explains the rulings on leasing (Ijara), its conditions, validity, and dissolution, as well as the rules regarding employees, lessee liability, and agricultural partnerships (Musaqah, Muzara'ah, Mukhabarah).
باب في العارية hal. 362-366 This chapter discusses the rulings on loaned objects ('Ariyah), including its definition, conditions, the borrower's liability for damaged items, return expenses, revocation of the loan, and related legal branches and disputes.
فصل في بيان أحكام الغصب hal. 367-368 This chapter defines usurpation (Ghasb) and its rulings, obligating the usurper to return the property and guarantee its maximum value if destroyed. It differentiates between compensating fungible (Mithli) and non-fungible (Mutaqawwim) properties, and addresses cases of mixing property and specific liabilities.
باب في الهبة hal. 369-378 This chapter covers the rulings on gifts (Hiba), charity, and presentations, their formation by offer and acceptance or conduct, and finalization by possession. It also addresses the revocation of gifts, gifting debts, release, and preferential treatment in giving.
باب في الوقف hal. 379-396 This chapter discusses the rulings of Waqf (Islamic endowment), its definition, legal basis, and conditions for validity such as perpetuity and immediate execution. It also covers Waqf formulas, what can be endowed, the rules of beneficiaries, reallocation upon extinction, adhering to the endower's conditions, and the administration of Waqf.
باب في الإقرار hal. 397-402 This chapter explains the rulings on confession (Iqrar) in Islamic law, including its definition, conditions for validity such as sanity and free will, its verbal formulas, and specific rules for confessions by the terminally ill, under duress, of unknowns, and of lineage, along with the rules on retraction.
باب في الوصية hal. 403-413 This chapter covers the rulings of wills (Wasiyyah), including their validity conditions, beneficiaries, wills for heirs and their approval, formulas, acceptance and rejection, the one-third limit in fatal illness, revocation, and what benefits the deceased like charity and supplication.
باب الفرائض hal. 414-419 This chapter discusses the division of inheritances (Faraid), defining the shares and identifying the male and female heirs. It explains the six prescribed Quranic shares, the rules of blocking (hajb), agnate succession (asabah), and the order of residuaries.
فصل في بيان اصول المسائل hal. 420-423 This chapter explains the origins (principal denominators) of inheritance problems and how to determine them based on the types of heirs and prescribed shares. It details the calculation of common denominators for multiple shares and the concept of 'awl (oversubscription), including the famous Minbariyyah case.
فصل في بيان احكام الوديعة hal. 424-425 This chapter covers the rulings of deposits (Wadi'ah), including conditions for validity and causes for the trustee's liability like negligence, mixing, and unauthorized use. It also addresses the trustee's oath, the obligation or permissibility of lying (e.g., denying a deposit to a tyrant), and the disposal of deposits with unknown owners.
فصل في بيان أحكام اللقطة hal. 426-427 This chapter explains the rulings of found items (Luqatah), including their announcement and claiming, differentiating between perishable and non-perishable items, and between urban and desert areas. It also covers trivial items, customary discards like harvesters' stalks, and fallen fruits.